Author: Barry

by Barry

What Happens After the Closing? 3 Things Every Homeowner Should Know

Congratulations on closing on your new home! Closing day marks the culmination of hard work, planning, and a significant financial investment. While it’s a huge milestone, it’s not quite the end of the home-buying journey. There are a few crucial steps you should take to ensure everything is set up for a smooth transition into homeownership.

At Edwards Law, we guide homeowners through every stage of the process, including what to do after the closing. Here are three essential things every new homeowner should know.

1. Transfer Utilities and Update Contact Information

Once you’ve received the keys to your new home, one of the first tasks is to ensure all essential services are transferred to your name. These include:

• Electricity and Gas: Contact your utility providers to start service or transfer existing accounts.
• Water and Sewer: Update your account with the local water authority.
• Internet and Cable: Schedule installation or transfers well in advance to avoid delays.
• Trash Collection: Arrange for garbage and recycling pickup if it’s not included in your property taxes.

Additionally, update your address with the following:

• U.S. Postal Service
• Banks and credit card companies
• Employer payroll for W-2s
• Subscriptions and memberships

Taking these steps promptly ensures uninterrupted service and avoids unnecessary late fees or disruptions.

2. File for Homestead Exemption

As a new homeowner, you may be eligible for a homestead exemption, which can reduce your property taxes. This exemption is available in Georgia for primary residences, but you must file with your county tax office to claim it. Here’s what to know:

• Deadline: In Georgia, the deadline is usually April 1 of the year following your purchase.
• Requirements: You must occupy the property as your primary residence.
• Savings: The exemption can save you hundreds of dollars annually on property taxes.

Don’t miss out on this valuable benefit. Contact your local tax office or visit their website for specific filing instructions.

3. Secure Important Documents

After closing, you’ll have several critical documents that need to be safely stored. These include:

• Deed: This proves your ownership of the property.
• Title Insurance Policy: Protects you against any title-related issues that could arise in the future.
• Closing Disclosure: Outlines all costs and fees associated with the transaction.
• Mortgage Documents: Include your loan agreement and payment schedule.

Store these documents in a secure location, such as a fireproof safe or a secure digital storage service. You may need them for tax purposes, refinancing, or resolving future disputes.

Why Contact Edwards Law?

At Edwards Law, we don’t just help clients during the closing process—we’re here to support you throughout your homeownership journey. If you have questions about title insurance, deed recording, or property taxes, our experienced team can help. We’ll ensure you have the guidance and resources needed to protect your investment and enjoy your new home with confidence.

Ready to Simplify Your Post-Closing Process?

Take the stress out of homeownership with help from Edwards Law. Contact us today for expert advice and personalized support. Your home is our priority, and we’re here to make every step of the journey as seamless as possible.

by Barry

Tax Implications of Different Business Entities Explained

When starting or restructuring a business, choosing the right business entity is one of the most important decisions you’ll make. Each type of business entity comes with unique tax implications that can significantly impact your bottom line. At Edwards Law, we help business owners navigate these complexities to ensure their structure aligns with their goals and minimizes tax liabilities.

Here’s a breakdown of the tax implications for the most common business entities:

1. Sole Proprietorship

Tax Basics:
A sole proprietorship is the simplest business structure, where the owner and the business are legally the same entity. Income is reported directly on your personal tax return using Schedule C.

Tax Implications:

• Profits are subject to self-employment taxes (Social Security and Medicare), totaling 15.3%.
• All income is taxed at the owner’s personal income tax rate.

Best For:
Freelancers, independent contractors, and small business owners with minimal liability concerns.

2. Partnership

Tax Basics:
In a partnership, income “passes through” to the partners, who report their share of the profits or losses on their personal tax returns using Schedule K-1.

Tax Implications:

• Partners are subject to self-employment taxes on their share of income.
• The partnership itself does not pay federal income tax but must file an informational tax return (Form 1065).

Best For:
Two or more individuals looking to share profits, responsibilities, and tax burdens.

3. Limited Liability Company (LLC)

Tax Basics:
An LLC offers flexibility in taxation—it can be taxed as a sole proprietorship, partnership, or corporation.

Tax Implications:

• Single-Member LLCs are taxed like sole proprietorships, with profits subject to self-employment taxes.
• Multi-Member LLCs are taxed like partnerships unless otherwise elected.
• Electing S-Corp Status: LLCs can choose to be taxed as an S-Corp to save on self-employment taxes by paying owners a reasonable salary (subject to payroll taxes) and distributing remaining profits free of self-employment taxes.

Best For:
Business owners seeking liability protection with flexible tax options.

4. C Corporation

Tax Basics:
C Corporations are separate legal entities that pay taxes on profits at the corporate level.

Tax Implications:

• Profits are taxed at the corporate tax rate (currently 21%).
• Distributions to shareholders (dividends) are taxed again at the individual level, resulting in double taxation.

Best For:
Businesses planning to reinvest profits or attract investors.

5. S Corporation

Tax Basics:
An S Corporation avoids double taxation by passing income directly to shareholders.

Tax Implications:

• Shareholders report income and pay taxes at their individual rates.
• Avoids self-employment taxes on distributions, but owners must pay themselves a reasonable salary, which is subject to payroll taxes.

Best For:
Small to medium-sized businesses looking for tax efficiency and liability protection.

Choosing the Right Entity

Selecting the right business entity depends on:

• Your business goals.
• The size and type of your operation.
• Your desire to limit liability or minimize taxes.

Working with an experienced attorney ensures that your choice aligns with both your immediate needs and long-term plans.

Contact Edwards Law for Expert Guidance

Choosing the right business structure is critical to your success. At Edwards Law, we specialize in helping entrepreneurs understand the legal and tax implications of their options. Whether you’re starting a new business or considering a restructure, we’re here to help.

Contact us today for a consultation and let us guide you toward the best business structure for your needs.

by Barry

Estate Planning for Young Families: Why It’s Never Too Early to Start

For many young families, estate planning can feel like something to think about later in life. But the truth is, the sooner you start, the better prepared you’ll be to protect your loved ones and secure their future. Estate planning is not just for the wealthy or older adults—it’s a critical step for parents who want to ensure their children’s well-being and their assets are managed according to their wishes.

At Edwards Law, we understand the unique needs of young families and are here to guide you every step of the way. Let’s explore why estate planning is essential and what steps you can take to get started.

Why Estate Planning Matters for Young Families

1. Guardianship for Minor Children
   As a parent, your top priority is your children’s well-being. If something were to happen to you, who would care for your kids? An estate plan allows you to name a legal guardian to ensure your children are raised by someone you trust.
2. Financial Security for Your Family
   Estate planning ensures your assets are distributed to your children or loved ones in a way that aligns with your wishes. This can include setting up a trust to manage finances for your children until they are old enough to handle them responsibly.
3. Avoiding Probate
   Without an estate plan, your assets may go through probate, a lengthy and costly legal process. A properly structured plan, including tools like a trust, can help your family avoid unnecessary delays and expenses.
4. Peace of Mind
   Knowing that your family’s future is secure gives you peace of mind. Estate planning provides clarity and eliminates uncertainty, allowing you to focus on what matters most—spending time with your loved ones.

Key Elements of Estate Planning for Young Families

1. Last Will and Testament
   A will outlines how your assets will be distributed and who will care for your children. It’s the cornerstone of any estate plan for young families.
2. Trusts
   A trust allows you to manage how and when your assets are distributed to your children. It can also provide financial support for their education, healthcare, and other needs.
3. Durable Power of Attorney
   This document designates someone to handle your financial affairs if you become incapacitated. It’s an essential part of ensuring your family’s financial stability.
4. Advance Directive for Health Care
   These documents outline your medical preferences and designate someone to make healthcare decisions on your behalf if you’re unable to.
5. Life Insurance
   Life insurance is a vital part of estate planning for young families. It provides financial security for your children in the event of your untimely passing.

When Should You Start Estate Planning?

The answer is simple: now. Life is unpredictable, and having a plan in place ensures that your loved ones are protected no matter what happens. Even if your estate is modest, creating a plan early establishes a strong foundation that can be adjusted as your family grows and your financial situation changes.

Get Started Today with Edwards Law

Estate planning for young families doesn’t have to be overwhelming. At Edwards Law, we take the time to understand your family’s unique needs and create a customized plan that gives you peace of mind.

Contact us today to schedule a consultation. Let’s work together to protect what matters most—your family’s future.

by Barry

Why You Need an Attorney for Real Estate Closings in Georgia

Buying or selling a home is a major milestone, but it also comes with a lot of legal and financial complexities. In Georgia, it’s not just a good idea to have an attorney involved in your real estate closing—it’s the law. Georgia requires an attorney to oversee all real estate closings to ensure that the transaction is legally sound and protects the interests of all parties involved.

Here’s why having a skilled real estate attorney on your side is essential for a smooth and successful closing process.

What Does an Attorney Do During a Real Estate Closing?

A real estate closing is the final step in a property transaction, where ownership is officially transferred from the seller to the buyer. While this sounds straightforward, it involves numerous legal documents, financial transactions, and potential risks. An attorney plays a critical role in making sure everything is done correctly. Here’s how:

1. Reviewing the Contract: The attorney ensures that the purchase agreement protects your interests and aligns with your goals. They’ll address any unclear or problematic terms and negotiate revisions if necessary.
2. Conducting a Title Search: Before closing, the attorney reviews the property’s title to confirm the seller has the legal right to transfer ownership. They identify any liens, easements, or disputes that could affect your ownership rights.
3. Addressing Title Issues: If title issues are discovered, the attorney works to resolve them before closing, ensuring you don’t inherit someone else’s problems.
4. Preparing Legal Documents: From the deed to the settlement statement, the attorney drafts and reviews all necessary documents to comply with Georgia law.
5. Overseeing the Closing: During the closing meeting, the attorney explains the documents, ensures all parties sign correctly, and facilitates the transfer of funds.
6. Recording the Deed: After the closing, the attorney files the deed with the appropriate county office to officially record your ownership.

Why You Need an Attorney (Even If It Weren’t Required)

While Georgia law mandates attorney involvement, having a real estate attorney benefits you in many ways:

1. Protect Your Investment: Buying a home is a significant financial decision. An attorney safeguards your investment by identifying and resolving potential legal risks.
2. Avoid Costly Mistakes: Errors in contracts, misfiled paperwork, or unresolved title issues can lead to expensive problems down the road. An attorney ensures the process is accurate and thorough.
3. Navigate Complexities: Every real estate transaction is unique, and unexpected challenges can arise. An attorney’s expertise helps you navigate complexities with confidence.
4. Ensure Compliance: Real estate laws vary by state and can change over time. An attorney ensures your transaction complies with all Georgia laws and regulations.

Why Choose Edwards Law for Your Closing?

At Edwards Law, we understand the intricacies of Georgia’s real estate laws and are committed to providing top-notch legal support for your closing. Here’s why clients trust us:

• Experience: We have extensive experience in real estate transactions and understand how to handle even the most complex cases.
• Personalized Service: We take the time to understand your unique needs and guide you through every step of the process.
• Efficiency: We streamline the closing process to ensure everything is handled promptly and accurately.
• Peace of Mind: With Edwards Law, you can feel confident knowing your closing is in capable hands.

Contact Edwards Law Today

Whether you’re buying your first home, selling a property, or refinancing, having an experienced attorney by your side makes all the difference. At Edwards Law, we’re here to help you navigate the closing process with ease and ensure your investment is protected.

Contact us today to schedule a consultation. Let us make your real estate closing seamless, secure, and stress-free.

by Barry

How to Protect Your Personal Assets with the Right Business Entity

Starting a business is an exciting venture, but it also comes with risks. One of the most important steps you can take as a business owner is to protect your personal assets from potential liabilities. Choosing the right business entity can create a legal separation between your personal and business assets, safeguarding your financial future.

At Edwards Law, we help entrepreneurs and business owners select the right business structure for their unique needs. Let’s explore how the right business entity can protect your personal assets and set your business up for success.

The Importance of Asset Protection

When you operate a business, you take on various risks, including lawsuits, debts, and financial liabilities. Without the proper protections in place, your personal assets—such as your home, car, and savings—could be at risk if your business faces legal action.

This is where the right business entity comes in. By forming a legal structure that separates your personal and business assets, you create a protective barrier that shields your personal finances from business liabilities.

Business Entities That Protect Personal Assets

Several business structures can provide liability protection. Here are the most common options:

1. Limited Liability Company (LLC)
   • How It Works: An LLC is one of the most popular options for small business owners. It offers liability protection by separating personal and business assets.
   • Key Benefits:
     • Simple to set up and manage.
     • Provides pass-through taxation, avoiding double taxation.
     • Protects personal assets from lawsuits or debts related to the business.
   • Best For: Entrepreneurs, freelancers, real estate investors, and small business owners seeking a balance between simplicity and liability protection.
2. Corporation (C-Corp or S-Corp)
   • How It Works: Corporations are separate legal entities that provide strong liability protection for owners and shareholders.
   • Key Benefits:
     • C-Corps can attract investors and issue stock.
     • S-Corps offer pass-through taxation, avoiding corporate taxes.
   • Best For: Larger businesses or those seeking to raise capital through investors.
3. Limited Partnership (LP) or Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)
   • How It Works: Partnerships provide liability protection for limited partners while allowing general partners to manage the business. LLPs extend liability protection to all partners.
   • Key Benefits:
     • Flexibility in management and profit-sharing.
     • Liability protection for certain partners.
   • Best For: Professionals like lawyers, accountants, or real estate investors.

Business Entities That Lack Personal Asset Protection

While some entities provide strong liability protection, others do not. If you’re currently operating under one of these structures, consider upgrading to a more protective option:

• Sole Proprietorship: The simplest business structure, but it offers no separation between personal and business assets. You are personally liable for all debts and legal issues.
• General Partnership: Similar to a sole proprietorship, a general partnership lacks liability protection for partners.

Additional Steps to Protect Personal Assets

Forming the right business entity is essential, but there are additional steps you can take to strengthen your asset protection:

1. Separate Personal and Business Finances:
   • Open a dedicated business bank account and credit card.
   • Avoid mixing personal and business expenses.
2. Maintain Compliance:
   • File annual reports, pay taxes, and keep accurate records.
   • Failure to follow state regulations can jeopardize your liability protection.
3. Get Adequate Insurance:
   • Consider liability insurance, property insurance, and professional indemnity insurance to cover unexpected risks.
4. Draft Legal Agreements:
   • Use contracts to define roles, responsibilities, and liabilities with clients, partners, and vendors.

How Edwards Law Can Help

Choosing the right business entity is a critical decision, but it can feel overwhelming. That’s where Edwards Law comes in. Our experienced team can:

• Evaluate your business goals and risks.
• Recommend the best entity to protect your personal assets.
• Handle all the paperwork, from filing formation documents to creating operating agreements.

We’ll ensure your business is structured correctly, so you can focus on what you do best—growing your company.

Contact Us Today

Don’t leave your personal assets vulnerable. Let Edwards Law help you create a solid foundation for your business with the right legal protections. Contact us today to schedule a consultation. With the right guidance, you can confidently protect your personal assets and achieve your business goals. Let’s get started!

by Barry

Wills vs. Trusts: Understanding the Differences

Planning for the future is one of the most thoughtful things you can do for your loved ones. But when it comes to estate planning, many people face the same question: Should I choose a will or a trust? Both documents are essential estate planning tools, but they serve different purposes and have unique advantages. Understanding the differences can help you make the best choice for your needs—and ensure your loved ones are cared for according to your wishes.

At Edwards Law, we specialize in personalized estate planning to fit your goals and priorities. Let’s dive into the key differences between wills and trusts.

What Is a Will?

A will is a legal document that specifies how your assets will be distributed after your death. It also allows you to:

• Name an executor to carry out your wishes.
• Designate guardians for minor children.
• Provide instructions for distributing personal property, such as jewelry or heirlooms.

Wills are simple to create and can address most estate planning needs. However, they must go through probate, a court-supervised process to validate the will and oversee asset distribution. Probate can be time-consuming and costly, depending on your state’s laws.

What Is a Trust?

A trust is a legal arrangement where you transfer ownership of your assets to a trustee, who manages them for the benefit of your chosen beneficiaries. Unlike a will, a trust:

• Can go into effect during your lifetime (a living trust) or after your death.
• Avoids probate, allowing for a quicker and more private transfer of assets.
• Provides greater flexibility and control over how and when your assets are distributed.

Trusts are especially useful for individuals with complex estates or specific goals, such as providing for children over time, managing large assets, or reducing estate taxes.

Key Differences Between Wills and Trusts

Probate:

• Wills must go through probate.
• Trusts avoid probate, which can save time and money.

Privacy:

• Wills are public records once they enter probate.
• Trusts remain private, keeping your financial matters confidential.

Timing:

• Wills only take effect after your death.
• Trusts can manage assets during your lifetime and after your death.

Cost:

• Wills are less expensive to create but may involve higher probate costs.
• Trusts require more upfront investment but can save money in the long run.

Flexibility:

• Wills provide straightforward instructions for distributing assets.
• Trusts allow for more detailed instructions, such as staggered payments to beneficiaries or managing assets for minors.

When to Choose a Will

A will might be the right choice if:

• You have a smaller estate with simple distribution needs.
• You want to name guardians for your minor children.
• You’re looking for an affordable estate planning option.

When to Choose a Trust

A trust might be the better option if:

• You want to avoid probate for privacy or efficiency.
• You have a larger or more complex estate.
• You need ongoing management of assets, such as for minor children or beneficiaries with special needs.
• You’re concerned about minimizing estate taxes.

Can You Have Both?

Yes! Many people use both a will and a trust as part of a comprehensive estate plan. For example, a trust can handle significant assets and avoid probate, while a will can cover smaller personal items or name guardians for children.

Get Personalized Estate Planning Advice

Choosing between a will and a trust—or deciding to use both—depends on your unique circumstances. At Edwards Law, we take the time to understand your goals and craft a personalized estate plan to protect your loved ones and your legacy.

Ready to secure your future? Contact Edwards Law today for a consultation. Let’s build the estate plan that’s right for you.

by Barry

Why Homeowners Need Title Insurance

When purchasing a home, you’re making one of the largest investments of your life. It’s an exciting milestone, but also a complex process with many moving parts. One critical step that sometimes gets overlooked is obtaining title insurance. This vital protection ensures your ownership rights are secure and protects you from unforeseen issues that could arise with the property’s title.

Let’s explore what title insurance is, the risks it mitigates, and why every homeowner needs it.

What Is Title Insurance?

Title insurance is a type of policy that protects property owners and lenders against financial loss from defects in a property’s title. Before a property is sold, a title search is conducted to identify any legal issues, such as unpaid taxes, liens, or ownership disputes. While thorough, title searches can sometimes miss hidden problems. Title insurance acts as a safeguard, covering the cost of resolving these issues if they arise after you’ve purchased the property.

Common Title Issues

Even with the most diligent title search, some issues may not become apparent until after closing. Here are a few common title problems that could jeopardize your ownership rights:

1. Unknown Liens: Previous owners may have outstanding debts, such as unpaid taxes or contractor bills, which can result in liens against the property.
2. Errors in Public Records: Clerical mistakes or incomplete records can affect the chain of ownership.
3. Forgery and Fraud: Past deeds may contain forged signatures or fraudulent transfers, which can cast doubt on your ownership.
4. Boundary Disputes: Misunderstandings or errors in surveys can lead to disputes with neighbors over property lines.
5. Heirs and Estates: An undisclosed heir could come forward claiming ownership of the property if the estate of a previous owner wasn’t properly settled.

Without title insurance, resolving these issues could lead to costly legal battles, and in some cases, even the loss of your home.

Two Types of Title Insurance

There are two main types of title insurance: lender’s title insurance and owner’s title insurance. Both play an essential role in protecting your investment.

1. Lender’s Title Insurance: Required by most lenders, this policy protects the lender’s financial interest in the property. However, it does not protect the homeowner.
2. Owner’s Title Insurance: This optional policy provides protection for you, the homeowner, covering the full purchase price of your property. It ensures your rights as the owner are safeguarded against title defects.

While lender’s title insurance is mandatory, owner’s title insurance is an additional cost that’s well worth the peace of mind it provides.

Why Homeowners Need Title Insurance

1. Protect Your Investment: Your home is likely your largest financial asset. Title insurance ensures your ownership is secure, protecting your investment from unexpected claims or disputes.
2. Avoid Costly Legal Battles: Resolving title issues without insurance can lead to expensive legal fees. Title insurance covers legal costs associated with defending your ownership rights.
3. One-Time Cost: Unlike other types of insurance, title insurance requires only a one-time premium payment at closing. This provides lifelong protection for as long as you own the property.
4. Peace of Mind: Knowing that your property is free of hidden title issues allows you to enjoy your home without worrying about future ownership disputes.
5. Compliance with Lender Requirements: Since most lenders require a title insurance policy, having one in place helps ensure the smooth completion of your home-buying process.

Who Needs Title Insurance?

Whether you’re a first-time homebuyer or a seasoned investor, title insurance is essential for anyone purchasing real estate. It’s especially crucial if you’re buying:

• Older Properties: These are more likely to have complex ownership histories or unresolved title issues.
• Foreclosures: These properties often come with a higher risk of unpaid liens or unclear ownership chains.
• Vacant Land: Boundary disputes or past claims on the property are common with undeveloped land.

Choosing the Right Title Insurance Provider

Not all title insurance providers are created equal. When selecting a policy, work with a trusted attorney or title company to ensure the coverage is comprehensive and tailored to your property. At Edwards Law, we guide homeowners through every step of the real estate process, including reviewing title policies to ensure your investment is fully protected.

We’re Here to Help

Althought title insurance may not be the most glamorous part of buying a home, it’s one of the most important. By protecting you from unforeseen title issues, it provides financial security and peace of mind, allowing you to fully enjoy your new property. At Edwards Law, we’re here to help you navigate the complexities of real estate transactions and safeguard your investment.

If you have questions about title insurance or need assistance with your home purchase, contact us today and let us help you protect what matters most!

by Barry

Georgia’s Amendment on Foreign Land Ownership and How It Impacts Foreign Real Estate Investment

For foreign investors interested in acquiring real estate in Georgia, understanding local laws is crucial to avoiding costly pitfalls. One of the most significant pieces of legislation impacting foreign real estate investment in the state is O.C.G.A. § 2-1-7. This law imposes restrictions on foreign nationals and entities acquiring certain types of land, particularly agricultural land and property near military bases.

Whether you’re a real estate investor, a foreign corporation, or an individual looking to invest in Georgia, it’s important to be aware of the provisions under this law to ensure compliance and protect your investment. In this post, we’ll explain the key aspects of O.C.G.A. § 2-1-7, how it affects foreign investors, and provide practical advice on how to navigate these restrictions.

Key Provisions of O.C.G.A. § 2-1-7

The Georgia law O.C.G.A. § 2-1-7 places specific restrictions on nonresident aliens and certain foreign entities seeking to acquire land in the state. The key points include:

Restricted Land Types: Nonresident aliens are prohibited from acquiring an interest in:

• Agricultural land: Land that can be used for farming, timber production, and similar activities.
• Land within a ten-mile radius of a military base: This includes military installations and military airports within the state.

Who Is a Nonresident Alien?: A nonresident alien is defined as:

• An individual who is not a U.S. citizen or legal resident and has been physically absent from the U.S. or Georgia for extended periods.
• A corporation or business entity domiciled in a foreign country designated as a foreign adversary by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce (this currently includes countries such as China, Russia, Iran, North Korea, and Venezuela).

Exemptions and Special Situations

Under certain circumstances, a nonresident alien may acquire a possessory interest in the restricted lands, but the law requires that these interests be disposed of within a set time:

• Security for Indebtedness: A nonresident alien can acquire agricultural or restricted land if it is part of a debt enforcement process (e.g., foreclosure or lien enforcement), but the land must be sold within two years.
• Inheritance: If a nonresident alien acquires the land through inheritance or a will, they have one year to dispose of the property.
• Termination of Nonresident Alien Status: If the individual or entity’s nonresident alien status changes, the restriction on ownership may be lifted.

It’s important to note that these restrictions do not apply to residential property, meaning foreign investors can purchase houses, residential buildings, or land intended for residential use without facing these limitations.

How Does This Affect Foreign Real Estate Investors?

For foreign real estate investors, particularly those looking to invest in agricultural land or properties near military installations, O.C.G.A. § 2-1-7 presents a significant barrier. Failing to comply with the law can lead to voided transactions, resulting in the loss of the property and the investment.

1. Agricultural Land Investment: If you’re interested in purchasing agricultural land for farming, timber production, or other commercial purposes, this law will require careful planning. Nonresident aliens are restricted from holding these types of property unless acquired under specific exemptions, and even then, the ownership must be temporary.
2. Land Near Military Bases: Investors looking to acquire land near military installations must be aware of the 10-mile restriction radius. This is particularly relevant for those interested in property development or large-scale land acquisitions near Georgia’s many military sites.

Planning Your Real Estate Investment Strategy

Foreign investors can still invest in Georgia real estate, but it’s crucial to plan your purchases carefully to avoid running afoul of O.C.G.A. § 2-1-7. Here are some practical steps you can take:

1. Know Your Land Type: Before making any purchase, verify whether the land is considered agricultural or falls within the restricted zone near a military base. Work with a real estate attorney to assess the zoning status of the land and ensure it complies with local laws.
2. Understand Your Status: If you or your business is considered a nonresident alien under Georgia law, be sure to understand the limitations on acquiring land. Pay special attention to the countries currently designated as foreign adversaries by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce, as this will impact your ability to own land in Georgia.
3. Explore Exemptions: If you find yourself acquiring restricted land due to foreclosure or inheritance, understand the deadlines for selling the property and plan accordingly. This can help you avoid losing the investment.
4. Focus on Residential Properties: Since O.C.G.A. § 2-1-7 does not apply to residential properties, foreign investors can confidently explore opportunities in Georgia’s residential real estate market, including single-family homes, condos, and apartment buildings. This may be a better route for long-term investments without the risk of restricted land ownership.

Conclusion

While O.C.G.A. § 2-1-7 restricts foreign ownership of certain types of land in Georgia, it doesn’t mean foreign investors are barred from real estate investment altogether. By focusing on residential properties, understanding the type of land you’re purchasing, and working with a real estate attorney, you can navigate these restrictions and make informed investment decisions.

At Edwards Law, we specialize in helping foreign investors navigate Georgia’s real estate laws. Contact us today to schedule a consultation and let us help you make the most of your real estate investments in Georgia.

by Barry

Reviewing Your Estate Plan after the Death of a Loved One

The death of a loved one is never easy. Regardless of your relationship with the deceased (for example, a relative, significant other, or close friend), you need space and time to process and grieve your loss. Once you have had time to cope with all that has happened, you should consider updating your estate plan in light of your loved one’s death. 

Although your estate plan primarily focuses on what will happen if you become incapacitated (unable to make or communicate your wishes) or die, the death of a loved one can have a significant impact on your planning. If you have an estate plan, one of the first things you need to do when a loved one dies is to review the documents with the following questions in mind:

Was your deceased loved one named as a beneficiary of money or property under your will or revocable living trust? If so, do your documents address what happens to that money or property should your loved one predecease you?

One of the main objectives of establishing a will or revocable living trust is to create a plan for what will happen to the things you own at your death. If you have strong feelings about who should receive your money and property, you must name who will inherit from you and also who will inherit the money and property if your first choice dies before you. 

If your will or trust does not list a contingent (backup) beneficiary, the gift in question is canceled when the first-choice beneficiary passes away, and the accounts and property you wanted to leave to your now-deceased loved one become part of your general estate and will be distributed according to the remaining terms of your will or trust. This cancellation can be problematic if your beneficiary has a spouse, children, grandchildren, or other loved ones whom you would have wanted to receive the beneficiary’s inheritance instead.

Some states have enacted antilapse laws to protect against this result. In these jurisdictions, the beneficiary’s heirs will receive the gifts. There are a few caveats and distinctions from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. For example, some states limit the heirs who can benefit from antilapse laws to blood relatives.

Is a trusted decision-maker now deceased?

As part of your comprehensive estate plan, you likely selected several different important decision-makers to act on your behalf if you become incapacitated (agents under your financial and medical powers of attorney and a successor trustee) or to wind up your affairs after your death (a successor trustee, personal representative, or executor). If your deceased loved one held any of these positions, make sure a backup was nominated. If not, you need to update the affected document to include a new first choice and at least one alternate. If you have already named a backup in the document, you will want to update your document to name your backup as your new first choice and remove your deceased loved one’s name to prevent confusion when a third party reviews the document.

Personal representative (also known as an executor). This trusted individual, appointed in your last will and testament, is responsible for collecting all your accounts and property, paying your outstanding debts and taxes, and distributing your money and property to your named beneficiaries after your death. This person’s task is to wind up your affairs, which can be time-consuming. If your chosen personal representative dies before you and there is no named backup at the time of your death, the probate court will use your state’s laws to determine who is next in line to serve as personal representative. 

Co-trustee or successor trustee of your trust. Serving either with you (as co-trustee) or after you become incapacitated or die (as successor trustee), this trusted person or entity is charged with managing, investing, and distributing the money and property from your trust to you during your lifetime (if you are incapacitated or are otherwise unable to act as trustee) and to your chosen beneficiaries after your death. 

If your deceased loved one was a co-trustee with you, you should review your trust agreement to see what happens next. There may be a provision that either allows you to continue serving as the only trustee, names a specific person to step in and serve with you as co-trustee, or describes how to determine who your new co-trustee will be. 

If your deceased loved one was named as your successor trustee, nothing noticeable will happen with respect to how your trust is managed right now. However, if you become incapacitated or die and there is no successor trustee, your loved ones must look to your trust agreement for guidance on filling the vacancy. Your trust may provide that a certain number of your beneficiaries can appoint a new trustee without court involvement, or your trust might require that the court approve any new trustee. The outcome will depend on the trust’s wording and your state’s laws. Because your trust is revocable and amendable during your lifetime, it is best to update your trust to appoint a new successor trustee or change any of these provisions as needed while you still have the ability to do so.

Agent under a financial power of attorney. Your agent is an individual you choose to manage your property and finances (such as communicating with your mortgage company, paying your bills, or accessing funds in your bank account for your care) on your behalf. If the person you selected is deceased and there is no named backup, no one else can act on your behalf when needed. If you become unable to manage your property and finances without appointing an agent in a financial power of attorney, your loved ones will have to go to court and have someone appointed by a judge to take care of your financial and property matters. The judge will make this determination based on state law, which prioritizes a spouse or blood relative serving in this role, and the person selected may not be the person you would have chosen. Not only is this process time-consuming during a stressful time, but it can be expensive and exposes the details of your condition and family dynamics to the public.

Agent under an advance directive for healthcare. Your agent under your advance directive for healthcare is typically authorized to make decisions or communicate your medical wishes in the event you are unable to do so yourself. Because this person can act only when you cannot, you may not feel an immediate need to update your advance directive for healthcare if your chosen agent has passed away. However, if you have an accident, become incapacitated, or are otherwise unable to communicate your medical wishes and you do not have an agent who can act for you, your loved ones must go to court to have a guardian appointed before anyone can speak on your behalf. The judge will look to the standards and guidelines provided under state law to aid them in appointing the appropriate person, who may not be the person you would have chosen to make your decisions. Second, the selected person may not know your wishes about the medical care you want to receive. 

Guardian for your minor child. You have likely invested a lot of time and consideration in deciding who you would like to serve as the guardian of your minor children if you and the children’s other parent are unable to care for them. If the loved one you have selected has passed away, it is imperative that you update this selection. While your circumstances may vary, if your chosen guardian is unable to serve for any reason, and you have no alternate guardian nominated, the probate court will determine who will raise your child. As with other roles, the selected person may not be the one you would have chosen, and absent input from you, the judge may have limited information when making this critical decision.

We Are Here to Help

We understand that you are grieving the loss of a loved one. When you are ready, we are here to help you take the next step in your estate planning journey, whether you are starting, completing, or updating your estate plan. Contact us today to schedule your in-person or virtual appointment.

by Barry

Four Tips for Every New Homeowner

Congratulations on the purchase of your new home! Whether this is your first home or you are upgrading or downsizing from your current home, the purchase of a home is a big event in your life. When major life events occur, it is important that you have a plan in place to ensure that you are properly prepared for the future. Below are a few things to consider now that you finally have the keys to your new home.

1. Update Your Address

Now that you are in your new home, it is very important that you update your address with the appropriate entities. Your local United States Postal Office has a form you can fill out. If you cannot make it into the post office, you can also update this information on their website. This will assist them in forwarding your mail to you. 

To ensure that you do not miss any important tax notices or refunds, you will also want to update your address information with the Internal Revenue Service using Form 8822, as well as with your local state tax agency.

2. Make Sure That Your House Title Coordinates with Your Estate Plan

While it is still fresh in your mind, take a look at your new deed to determine how your new home is titled. Ideally, you had a discussion with an estate planning professional prior to purchasing the new property to determine how you would like to own your new property, whether in your name individually, jointly with a spouse, or in the name of your trust. It is important to review your current estate plan after the purchase of the home to ensure that it aligns with your estate planning goals.

For example, if your plan had a specific instruction to give your prior property to someone, and the instruction references the address of your prior home, you will want to ensure that you update this provision once you no longer own the previous property to avoid confusion down the line. On the other hand, if this is your first home and your estate plan includes a trust to avoid probate, you will need to ensure that your home is titled in the name of the trust and not in your name individually. Alternatively, you could have a transfer-on-death (TOD) deed prepared to add the trust as a beneficiary to the home. Additionally, if you would ultimately like your property to be distributed to a specific individual or held in trust for the benefit of your loved ones (for example, your minor children), you will want to ensure that provisions are added to accomplish this.

3. Check Your Life Insurance Coverage and Beneficiary Designations

Unless you were fortunate enough to pay cash for your new home, chances are you now have a monthly mortgage expense. In order to protect your loved ones, it would be prudent to prepare for the possibility of dying before you pay off your mortgage. You may want to consider whether you have enough life insurance to pay off the balance of the mortgage. This is especially important if you have a surviving spouse or children who will likely continue to reside in the home to ensure that they have sufficient funds to alleviate one of the largest monthly expenses they will probably have. Life insurance can provide valuable funds during what is usually an emotionally—and sometimes financially—difficult time.

When you buy a new home, it is a great opportunity to double check your beneficiary designations. Life changes happen so quickly that sometimes updating beneficiary designations can be overlooked. If your designations do not align with the rest of your estate plan, you may end up inadvertently disinheriting a family member, having a large sum of money fall directly into the hands of an individual (for example, a young adult or minor child) without any guidelines, or having your hard-earned money and property go to someone you no longer want to benefit from your life insurance.

Lastly, now that you have a home and homeowner’s insurance, call your insurance agent to make sure that you are getting all of the discounts to which you are entitled. Many insurance companies will offer discounts when you bundle services. If you already have car insurance through a carrier and use the same company for your homeowner’s insurance, you may be entitled to a better rate than if you obtained the policies at separate carriers. In addition, homeowners often get discounts that renters do not.

4. File for the Homestead Exemption

As a new homeowner, one of the best ways to reduce your property taxes is to file for a homestead exemption in the county where your home is located. The homestead exemption offers a significant property tax break for homeowners who occupy their home as their primary residence. It’s a simple process that can save you money every year!

To file for the exemption, you’ll need to visit your county’s tax assessor’s office or tax commissioner’s office or apply online, depending on your county. Generally, you’ll need to provide proof of residency, such as your driver’s license and a copy of your deed. Most counties require that you file by April 1st of the year after you purchase your home, so don’t wait too long. Once granted, the exemption renews automatically as long as the property remains your primary residence.

This small step can make a big difference in your property tax bill—so make it a priority after settling into your new home!

We Are Here to Help

Buying a new home is a big step, and we are here to help you plan to protect both your loved ones and your new investment. Give us a call so we can help ensure that your new purchase and your estate plan are working together to accomplish your goals. Contact us today to schedule your in-person or virtual appointment.